Milling machines and machining centres for metalworking
How milling machines work
A CNC milling machine is a high-precision machine that processes materials such as metal, wood or plastic under computer control. CNC stands for “Computerized Numerical Control”, which means that the machine is programmed by a computer to carry out specific, geometrically required processing steps. The milling machine uses rotating milling tools to remove material from the workpiece to create complex parts and designs. This technology makes it possible to work with exceptional accuracy and repeatability, making it ideal for the production of prototypes, individual parts and series production. A more modern version of the CNC milling machine is the CNC machining center, which has a stock of various precision tools (tool magazine) that can be automatically changed in and out of the main spindle via a tool changer to carry out another operation.
Types of milling machines
There are different types of milling machines or machining centers, each with specific advantages for certain requirements.
- Horizontal machining center
- Vertical machining center
- Multispindle machining center
- Traveling column milling machine
- Gantry milling machine
- Boring/Drillling mill
A horizontal machining center offers a spindle that is oriented parallel to the floor and is particularly suitable for heavy cuts and machining several sides of a workpiece as well as for pallet automation thanks to the free chip fall.
A vertical machining center has the spindle perpendicular to the work surface, which is ideal for drilling and finishing work.
A multi-spindle machining center can machine several workpieces simultaneously with several spindles, which significantly increases output.
A traveling column milling machine has a movable column that travels along the bed guide to offer a high degree of flexibility and precision when machining large workpieces and also to enable set-up during machining time in a separate second work area (pendulum machining).
Thanks to its portal design, a portal milling machine offers outstanding stability and precision for processing large and heavy workpieces.
As the name suggests, a drilling/milling unit enables both drilling and milling work to be carried out with high precision on a single type of machine.
There are also various machines for complete machining:
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Number of axes
The number of axes on a milling machine varies and can determine the level of complexity and precision it can offer when machining. Traditionally, milling machines have 3 linear axes: X (horizontal), Y (vertical) and Z (depth). However, modern CNC milling machines often extend this range to 4- or 5-axis systems. A 4-axis machine adds a rotary axis that allows parts to be rotated around a vertical or horizontal axis. 5-axis milling machines offer even more flexibility by allowing simultaneous movements in all five axes (including two rotary axes), which facilitates the machining of complex geometries in a single operation and the optimal positioning of tools. There are even 6- and 7-axis machines for specialized and high-precision applications.
Advantages of milling machines
Milling machines can process a wide range of materials, from metals to plastics, which makes them attractive for various industries. Unlike casting or forging processes, milling machines offer the ability to economically produce one-offs and small batches without the need for costly molds or tooling. This flexibility in production, combined with quick changeover and the ability to support just-in-time production, sets milling machines apart from other manufacturing methods.
Tools and accessories
Specific tools and accessories are essential for effective work with a milling machine. These include milling cutters of various types and sizes to enable a wide range of cuts and shapes. Collets and chucks are used to securely fasten these tools. Precision vices and clamping tables help to position the workpiece firmly and accurately. Calipers and micrometers are indispensable for exact measurements. Cooling and lubrication systems protect the tools and improve machining quality. Other useful accessories may include a chip conveyor, protective devices, lighting equipment and extraction systems. The right choice of tools and accessories maximizes efficiency and precision when working with a milling machine.
Leading milling machine manufacturers
In our manufacturers directory you will find a number of companies that produce milling machines for industrial production. The following machine tools are frequently searched for: AXA milling machine, Datron milling machine, Deckel milling machine, DMG milling machine, EMCO milling machine, FPS milling machine, Haas milling machine, Heller milling machine, Hermle milling machine, Hurco milling machine, Kunzmann milling machine, Optimum milling machine, Paulimot milling machine, POS milling machine, Proxxon milling machine, Wabeco milling machine
Choosing the right milling machine
When buying a milling machine, important features and specifications are crucial for choosing the right model:
Pay attention to the size and capacity of the machine to ensure it fits your processing volume. Spindle speed is important for machining quality and efficiency, with higher speeds allowing for finer surface quality. The torque of the spindle in turn defines the severity of the machining and its continuous load. The number of axes influences the complexity of the parts you can produce, with more axes offering greater flexibility. The type of control, whether manual or CNC (Computerized Numerical Control), determines the precision and automation of your processes. Additional features such as tool changers, cooling systems and software integration should also be considered to meet the needs of your specific applications.
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